Neuro Oncology

jharkhand cancer centre

Understanding Neuro Oncology

Central nervous system cancer involves tumors that start in the brain or spinal cord, such as gliomas, meningiomas, or metastatic tumors, where abnormal cells grow and may disrupt normal brain or spinal cord function.

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Neuro Oncology

Central nervous system (CNS) cancer refers to tumors that arise in the brain or spinal cord, which are the main parts of the central nervous system. These tumors can be primary (originating in the CNS, such as gliomas, meningiomas, and medulloblastomas) or secondary (metastatic, spreading from other organs to the CNS). CNS tumors develop when abnormal cells in the brain or spinal cord multiply uncontrollably, forming masses that can disrupt vital functions. The location and type of tumor influence symptoms and treatment options, and these cancers may be benign or malignant. Diagnosis and management require specialized care due to the complexity and sensitivity of the CNS.

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Key Challenges

Treatment for central nervous system (CNS) tumors is highly complex due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

The BBB restricts most chemotherapy drugs and systemic therapies from reaching brain and spinal cord tumors.

This makes effective drug delivery a major challenge in CNS cancer management.

Surgery and radiation therapy require extreme precision to protect critical brain areas controlling vital functions.

Damage to regions responsible for movement, speech, or cognition must be carefully avoided.

Specialized drug delivery methods and advanced surgical techniques help overcome these obstacles.

Treatment is highly tailored, combining targeted radiation and precise interventions to maximize effectiveness and minimize harm.

Jharkhand Cancer Centre (JCC)

Multimodal Management

Management of CNS tumors typically involves a multimodal approach combining surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy.

Surgery focuses on maximal safe tumor removal while preserving vital brain tissue.

Highly focused radiation therapy targets residual cancer cells with precision.

Advanced radiation techniques like stereotactic radiosurgery and IMRT help spare healthy brain tissue.

Systemic therapies, including chemotherapy or targeted agents, are customized to the specific tumor type.

These therapies may be administered before or after surgery and radiation to control microscopic or recurrent disease.

Coordinated multimodal care ensures effective tumor control while protecting neurological function.

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Know Your Answers

What is Neuro Oncology?

Neuro Oncology is the medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and research of tumors in the brain and spinal cord (Central Nervous System or CNS). It combines expertise from neurology, oncology, and neurosurgery to provide comprehensive care for patients with these complex conditions.

What are the main goals of Neuro Oncology?

The primary goal is to maximize tumor control and patient survival while minimizing damage to surrounding neurological structures, preserving functions like speech, movement, and cognition, and improving quality of life.

What are the key treatment procedures in Neuro Oncology?

Neuro Oncology treatments include neurosurgery (maximal safe resection), focused radiation therapy (such as stereotactic radiosurgery), chemotherapy (often with drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier), targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Advanced techniques and imaging are used to protect vital brain structures during treatment.

What supportive and palliative care is provided?

Supportive care in Neuro Oncology includes steroid management for brain swelling, seizure control with anti-epileptic drugs, intensive rehabilitation (physical, occupational, speech therapy), and psychological support for patients and families coping with the cognitive and emotional impact of CNS tumors.

What are the benefits of specialized Neuro Oncology care?

Specialized Neuro Oncology offers multidisciplinary expertise, access to advanced imaging and surgical navigation, participation in clinical trials for new therapies, and a focus on functional preservation to protect speech, motor skills, and cognitive functions, ensuring optimal treatment and quality of life.

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