Medical Oncology

jharkhand cancer centre

Understanding Medical Oncology

Systemic cancer treatment refers to therapies that work throughout the body to destroy cancer cells, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

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Medical Oncology

Systemic cancer treatment involves the use of medicines that travel through the bloodstream to reach and treat cancer cells wherever they may be in the body. This approach includes chemotherapy, which kills or slows the growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells; targeted therapy, which blocks specific genes, proteins, or pathways that help cancer grow and survive; and immunotherapy, which strengthens or stimulates the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively.

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Jharkhand Cancer Centre (JCC)

Key Challenges

Chemotherapy and some targeted therapies can damage healthy cells, leading to fatigue, nausea, hair loss, and organ toxicity.

Cancer cells may adapt over time, reducing the effectiveness of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy.

Not all cancers have identifiable genetic targets, making targeted therapy ineffective for some patients.

Immunotherapy and targeted treatments do not work equally well for all individuals due to genetic and immune differences.

Advanced therapies, especially targeted therapy and immunotherapy, are often expensive and may limit accessibility.

Immunotherapy can overstimulate the immune system, causing autoimmune-like reactions and inflammation in healthy organs.

Despite treatment, cancer may progress or recur due to residual cancer cells or metastasis.

Jharkhand Cancer Centre (JCC)

Management and Care

Aim to completely eliminate cancer when early detection and treatment make a cure possible.

Slow or stop cancer growth, reduce tumor size, and prevent spread when a cure is not achievable.

Alleviate pain, fatigue, and other symptoms to improve quality of life.

Coordinate systemic treatments with surgery and radiation for better overall outcomes.

Select therapies based on cancer type, stage, genetic profile, and patient health.

Regular assessment to evaluate treatment response and manage side effects or complications.

Extend life expectancy while maintaining physical, emotional, and social well-being.

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Know Your Answers

What is medical oncology?

Medical oncology is a branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating cancer using systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy.

What treatments does a medical oncologist provide?

A medical oncologist manages treatments like chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and supportive care, often in coordination with surgery and radiation therapy.

How is medical oncology different from surgical or radiation oncology?

Medical oncology uses medicines that work throughout the body, while surgical oncology removes tumors through surgery and radiation oncology uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.

Does chemotherapy always cause severe side effects?

Not always. Side effects vary depending on the drugs, dosage, and patient health. Modern treatments and supportive care have significantly reduced many side effects.

When should a patient see a medical oncologist?

A patient should see a medical oncologist after a cancer diagnosis or when systemic treatment is needed for cancer control, cure, or symptom management.

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