Gynaecological Cancer

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Understanding Gynaecological Cancer

Gynecologic cancer refers to cancers that begin in the reproductive organs of women, mainly the cervix, uterus, and ovaries, where abnormal cells grow and form tumors.

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Gynaecological Cancer

Cancers that start in the reproductive organs of women are collectively known as gynecologic cancers. These include cancers of the cervix (गर्भाशय ग्रीवा), uterus (गर्भाशय), ovaries (अंडाशय), vagina, and vulva. These cancers arise when abnormal cells in these organs multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors that can invade nearby tissues and, if not treated, may spread to other parts of the body. The most common types are cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers, each with unique risk factors, symptoms, and treatment approaches.

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Progression & Spread

Gynecologic cancers originate as abnormal cell growth in reproductive organs like the cervix, uterus, or ovaries.

Tumors initially grow locally, invading nearby pelvic tissues and structures.

Cancer cells commonly spread to regional lymph nodes in the pelvis or abdomen.

In advanced stages, metastasis occurs to distant sites such as the liver, lungs, or bones.

Spread may also involve the bladder or rectal lining in late progression.

This pattern from local invasion to distant metastasis defines disease staging.

Understanding progression is essential for effective treatment planning.

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Management

Gynecologic cancer management is typically multimodal, combining surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy based on stage and location.

Surgery serves as the primary step to remove the tumor and affected tissues, often including lymph nodes.

Radiation and chemotherapy are used before or after surgery to eliminate remaining cancer cells.

These treatments help reduce the risk of cancer recurrence in early or advanced stages.

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are added for complex or advanced cases.

Rehabilitation focuses on restoring physical function, emotional well-being, and quality of life post-treatment.

Support includes nutritional guidance, physical therapy, and psychological counseling for comprehensive recovery.

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Know Your Answers

What is Gynaecological Cancer?

Definition: Cancers that originate in the reproductive organs of women, including the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vagina, and vulva.
Common Sites: Cervix (गर्भाशय ग्रीवा), Uterus (गर्भाशय), Ovaries (अंडाशय), Fallopian Tubes, Vagina, and Vulva.

Common Signs & Symptoms

Abnormal vaginal bleeding or spotting (especially post-menopausal).
Persistent pelvic pain or pressure that is new or unusual.
Bloating, feeling full quickly, or difficulty eating.
Changes in urinary or bowel habits.
A persistent sore or lump in the vulval or vaginal area.

Diagnosis Steps

Initial Exam: Pelvic examination, Pap smear (for cervical cancer), and physical assessment.
Confirmation: Biopsy (tissue sample) of the suspicious area is mandatory.
Staging: Imaging (CT/MRI/PET) and blood tests (e.g., CA-125 for ovarian cancer) to check for spread.

Treatment Overview

Surgery: To remove the cancer (e.g., Hysterectomy to remove the uterus, Oophorectomy to remove ovaries).
Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays used to kill cancer cells, often used for cervical or endometrial cancer.
Chemotherapy or Targeted Therapy: Drugs used systemically to kill cancer cells, often for ovarian cancer or advanced stages.
Hormone Therapy: Used for certain types of endometrial and ovarian cancers.

Life After Treatment & Rehabilitation

Follow-ups: Regular check-ups and surveillance tests (Pap smears, blood tests) are crucial for monitoring recurrence.
Sexual Health: Counseling and support for managing changes in sexual function or intimacy after treatment.
Menopause Management: Managing symptoms of early or surgical menopause (hot flashes, bone density loss).
Lymphedema Care: Physical therapy and monitoring for swelling, particularly in the legs, after lymph node removal.

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